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Fluid Mechanics
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction to fluids ( Marks Allotted 11 )
1.1 Properties of fluids- Density and viscosity (absolute and kinematic), Vapour
pressure and surface tension, cohesion and adhesion, Principle of Hydrostatic
Equilibrium
1.2 Manometers- Types of Manometers (U, Inclined, Differential), Equations, Uses
1.3 Types of Fluids- Ideal and Actual fluids, Compressible and Incompressible Fluids, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids including time dependent and time independent fluids.
1.4 Fluid flow phenomena : Laminar flow, shear rate, shear stress, rheological properties of fluid and turbulence.
1.2 Manometers- Types of Manometers (U, Inclined, Differential), Equations, Uses
1.3 Types of Fluids- Ideal and Actual fluids, Compressible and Incompressible Fluids, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids including time dependent and time independent fluids.
1.4 Fluid flow phenomena : Laminar flow, shear rate, shear stress, rheological properties of fluid and turbulence.
2. Flow of Fluids (Incompressible) ( Marks Allotted 14 )
2.1 Fluid flow, stream line flow, steady and unsteady state flow, uniform and nonuniform flow, rotational and irrotational flow.
2.2 Equation of continuity, Calculation of mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, average velocity and mass velocity.
2.3 Bernoulli’s Theorem by Euler’s equation and its application,Bernoulli’s equation for ideal fluid, actual fluid and with pump work done. Correction in Bernoulli’s equation.
2.4 Reynolds experiment and its significance in determining turbulent, laminar and transition regime.
2.5 Concept of Boundary layer, Boundary layer formation in straight tubes.
2.6 Form friction and skin friction- Relationship between pressure drop, wall shear and shear stress
2.7 Laminar flow in circular pipe, Relation between maximum and average velocity in laminar flow, Hagen-Poiseuille equation.
2.8 Friction in pipe, Fanning’s friction factor. Friction losses due to sudden expansion/reduction of pipe and in pipefittings. Definition equivalent of length of pipe fittings.
2.9 Measurement of fluid flow with the help of flow meters- Venturimeter: Construction Principle, Working, Coefficient of discharge, Calibration, Derivation, Orifice meter: Construction, principle, Working, Coefficient of discharge, Calibration, Derivation for calculating the flow rates, Rota meter: construction, principle working and Calibration, Pitot tube: Construction, Principle and Working. Nozzle meter: construction, principal working, derivation for calculating flow rates.
2.10 Relation between Cd, Cc and Cv 2.11Measurement of flow in open channels with help of notches (V-notch, squarenotch)
2.2 Equation of continuity, Calculation of mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, average velocity and mass velocity.
2.3 Bernoulli’s Theorem by Euler’s equation and its application,Bernoulli’s equation for ideal fluid, actual fluid and with pump work done. Correction in Bernoulli’s equation.
2.4 Reynolds experiment and its significance in determining turbulent, laminar and transition regime.
2.5 Concept of Boundary layer, Boundary layer formation in straight tubes.
2.6 Form friction and skin friction- Relationship between pressure drop, wall shear and shear stress
2.7 Laminar flow in circular pipe, Relation between maximum and average velocity in laminar flow, Hagen-Poiseuille equation.
2.8 Friction in pipe, Fanning’s friction factor. Friction losses due to sudden expansion/reduction of pipe and in pipefittings. Definition equivalent of length of pipe fittings.
2.9 Measurement of fluid flow with the help of flow meters- Venturimeter: Construction Principle, Working, Coefficient of discharge, Calibration, Derivation, Orifice meter: Construction, principle, Working, Coefficient of discharge, Calibration, Derivation for calculating the flow rates, Rota meter: construction, principle working and Calibration, Pitot tube: Construction, Principle and Working. Nozzle meter: construction, principal working, derivation for calculating flow rates.
2.10 Relation between Cd, Cc and Cv 2.11Measurement of flow in open channels with help of notches (V-notch, squarenotch)
3. Pipe, fitting and valves ( Marks Allotted 10 )
3.1 Standard sizes of pipes, wall thickness, Schedule number, BWG Number
3.2 Joints and fittings, Gate valve, Globe valve, Ball valve, Needle valve, Non return value, Butterfly valve, Diaphragm valve.
4. Transportation of Fluids ( Marks Allotted 15 )
4.1 Pumps-Centrifugal Pump: Parts of centrifugal pump, working of Centrifugal
pump, Performance of centrifugal pump (Characteristics of centrifugal pump),
Characteristics curves, priming, Developed Head, Cavitation, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) Priming. Positive displacement reciprocating pumps
based on pressure component and based on action of piston/plunger, their
construction & working, Gear pump, its construction and working,
Diaphragm pump, its utility, construction and working, Screw pump,
characteristic curve of pump.
4.2 Introduction to Fan, blower and compressor- Reciprocating & centrifugal compressor, Vacuum Pump, jet ejector - its working and application.
4.2 Introduction to Fan, blower and compressor- Reciprocating & centrifugal compressor, Vacuum Pump, jet ejector - its working and application.
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